Toll-like receptor 4 modulates skeletal muscle substrate metabolism

Toll-like receptor 4 modulates skeletal muscle substrate metabolism.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a protein integral to innate immunity, is elevated in skeletal muscle of obese and type 2 diabetic humans and has been implicated in the development of lipid-induced insulin resistance. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of TLR4 as a modulator of basal (non-insulin-stimulated) substrate metabolism in skeletal muscle with the hypothesis that its activa...

Toll‐like receptor 4 signalling mediates inflammation in skeletal muscle of patients with chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Inflammation in skeletal muscle is implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and cachexia but why uremia up-regulates pro-inflammatory cytokines is unknown. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) regulate locally the innate immune responses, but it is unknown whether in chronic kidney disease (CKD) TLR4 muscle signalling is altered. The aim of the study is to investigate whether in CK...

Regulation of Fasting Fuel Metabolism by Toll-Like Receptor 4

OBJECTIVE Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been reported to induce insulin resistance through inflammation in high-fat-fed mice. However, the physiological role of TLR4 in metabolism is unknown. Here, we investigated the involvement of TLR4 in fasting metabolism. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Wild-type and TLR4 deficient (TLR4(-/-)) mice were either fed or fasted for 24 h. Glucose and lipid leve...

Toll-like receptors on skeletal muscle

Th e term ‘idiopathic infl ammatory myopathy’ (IIM) usually refers to one of three related diseases: poly myositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Each variation of the disease has defi ning characteristics (for example, the heliotrope rash of DM or the intramuscular rimmed vacuoles of IBM), but there are some common characteristics. In PM and DM, patients typical...

Toll-Like Receptor 4 and Toll-IL-1 Receptor